What is pedal assistance on an electric bicycle?

When purchasing an electric bicycle, you inevitably come across the term "pedal assistance." This feature is part of the basic equipment of almost every electric bicycle. It allows for longer rides with less physical effort compared to a traditional bicycle.

However, the introduction of a pedal assistance system (PAS) raises some questions:

• What exactly does it do?
• How does it work?
• And above all: How is this function implemented in different electric bicycles?

In this article, you will learn how pedal assistance works on an electric bicycle and what types of pedal assistance systems exist.

How does pedal assistance work?

The pedal assistance of an electric bicycle helps you accelerate faster and maintain your speed. Four main components make this possible: the battery, the electric motor, the sensor, and the controller.

When you pedal, the sensor detects the pedal movement. The controller then calculates how much power the electric motor should provide. The motor then activates and supports the pedaling.

Most electric bicycles allow you to adjust the level of assistance. This way, you can tailor the support to your needs. Each model in the Heybike series offers 3 PAS levels, with level 3 providing the strongest assistance and level 1 the least.

Why do electric bicycles have pedal assistance?

The main purpose of an electric bicycle is to overcome the limitations of a traditional bicycle. Pedal assistance is a way to maintain the functionality of a normal bicycle while making cycling more accessible.

With assistance, you no longer have to exert as much strength to cover the same distance. This is especially beneficial for people with limited physical ability, such as older individuals or those recovering from an injury.

But pedal assistance is also helpful in other situations. It allows you to sweat less and save energy. Do you need to cycle to work but don’t want to arrive exhausted? Activate the pedal assistance—the electric motor takes on part of the work for you.

Types of pedal assistance systems

The two main types of pedal assistance on electric bicycles are cadence sensors and torque sensors. Both sensors provide assistance but implement it differently.

Cadence sensor

A cadence sensor measures your pedaling motion. As soon as you start pedaling, the electric motor activates and provides assistance.

With a cadence sensor, the power provided by the electric motor remains constant regardless of how hard you pedal. It works like an on-off switch: once you start pedaling, the motor turns on; when you stop, it turns off.

Torque sensor

A torque sensor is a more advanced version of the cadence sensor. It not only detects when you pedal but also how hard you pedal. The harder you pedal, the more assistance the motor provides.

Because the torque sensor mirrors your pedaling force, it offers a more natural and seamless power transfer. Many riders find this riding experience more pleasant than that of a cadence sensor.

Benefits of pedal assistance

Pedal assistance offers many benefits:

• Easier riding: You don’t have to do all the work alone; the electric motor takes on part of it for you.
• Longer distances: You can travel farther with less effort.
• Off-road capability: On rough terrain like gravel, snow, or sand, the assistance helps you overcome obstacles and climbs more easily.
• Encouragement of an active lifestyle: For many people, riding a traditional bicycle is difficult due to physical limitations. Electric bicycles with pedal assistance make it possible to stay active despite these limitations.

Choosing the right assistance level

Each PAS system offers different assistance levels. The higher the level, the more support you receive. Most systems have 3 to 5 levels, with some advanced models offering up to 7.

Choose the appropriate level based on your situation:

• Flat terrain: A low level (1–2) is often sufficient.
• Steep climbs: Higher levels provide more support but use more battery power.

Keep in mind that higher assistance levels drain the battery faster. Use them sparingly to extend battery life.

Common misunderstandings about pedal assistance

Despite their popularity, there are still misunderstandings about electric bicycle technology:

• "Pedal assistance is only for certain groups": Electric bicycles are suitable for everyone, regardless of age or ability.
• "Pedal-assist bicycles are slow": Combined with your own pedaling, electric bicycles can reach speeds of 32 to 45 km/h (20 to 28 mph). According to the applicable regulations of the European Union, however, electric bicycles must not exceed a maximum speed of 25 km/h.
• "You can’t ride them in the rain": Most electric bicycles are water-resistant and suitable for riding in light rain.

Conclusion

When used correctly, pedal assistance can greatly improve your riding experience. It allows for faster and longer rides than a traditional bicycle and makes steep climbs much easier.

Discover the full range of Heybike products now. Our electric bicycles combine comfort and versatility, giving you the freedom to choose a model that perfectly fits your needs.