Hub gears: Everything you need to know

One of the most important components of an electric bicycle is the gear system. Nowadays, most electric bikes use an internal hub gear, developed as a more efficient and reliable alternative to derailleur gears.

However, as with most e-bike components, manufacturers develop hub gears in different ways. This can make it difficult to determine which gear system best suits your needs. Understanding the differences between the two gear systems can help you make an informed decision.

In this article, you will learn everything about hub gears: what they are, how they work, and their advantages and disadvantages. We will also help you choose the right hub gear for your electric bike.

What are hub gears?

A hub gear is a shifting system designed for both traditional bicycles and electric bikes. It is a central unit installed in the rear wheel that contains a set of planetary gears.

Bikes with hub gears allow you to switch between two and 14 gears. Some hub gears offer even more gears but are more expensive. Additionally, the weatherproof unit protects the internal components from external influences.

How do hub gears work?

Different e-bike manufacturers develop their hub gears in various ways. However, most are based on a planetary gear system, where several gears rotate inside around a central sun gear.

When shifting, the positions of the planetary gears change. Different arrangements in the planetary gear system result in different gear ratios. All this happens without an external shifting system like a derailleur.

Hub gears vs. derailleur gears

Hub gears and derailleur gears differ in many ways. The two main differences lie in how they function and the benefits they offer.

A derailleur system consists of a chain stretched between two wheels, multiple sprockets, and a mechanism that moves the chain from one sprocket to another. Smaller sprockets make climbing easier, while larger sprockets allow for higher speeds when going downhill.

Hub gears, on the other hand, are almost entirely housed in a closed unit, except for the connected chain or drive belt. This design protects the internal components from damage.

Advantages and disadvantages of hub gears

Advantages

• Most components of a hub gear are housed in a weatherproof unit. This protects the internal parts from dirt, dust, and moisture, increasing durability and reducing maintenance.
• Hub gears require fewer oil changes than derailleur systems and usually only need professional maintenance once a year.
• Another advantage is that the gear system is always engaged. This allows you to shift even while stationary, which is not possible with a derailleur. This is especially useful for accelerating quickly from a standstill.

Disadvantages

• The main drawback of hub gears is their weight and price. An average hub gear weighs about 1 to 1.5 kg, but more complex systems can weigh over 2 kg.
• Additionally, hub gears are more expensive to manufacture and maintain than derailleur systems. Nevertheless, brands like Shimano are working to offer high-quality yet affordable hub gears.

Types of hub gears

Here are the most common types of hub gears for electric bikes:

1. 3-speed hub gears: Commonly found in entry-level e-bikes, ideal for flat, urban, or suburban areas.
2. 4-speed hub gears: Suitable for light terrain and steeper climbs.
3. 5-speed hub gears: Perfect for more demanding trails and hilly terrain.
4. 7-speed hub gears: Offers a wider gear range for more versatile use.
5. Enviolo Continuously Variable Hubs: An innovative technology that allows seamless shifting, even while stationary.

Hub gears and e-bikes: the perfect combination

The combination of hub gears and electric bikes is an ideal solution. You can shift while stationary, generate less noise, and save on maintenance costs. At the same time, the pedal assist of an e-bike enables longer rides with less effort.

Choosing the right hub gear

Consider your individual needs:

• A 3- or 4-speed hub gear is sufficient for flat, urban terrain.
• For hilly and rough terrain, 5- or 7-speed hub gears are better suited.

Care and maintenance

Keep your hub gear in optimal condition by:

• Following the manufacturer's recommended maintenance intervals.
• Performing an oil change at least once a year.
• Keeping the external chain or drive belt clean and lubricated.

Conclusion

A hub gear is a versatile and practical shifting system. The weatherproof unit protects the components and enables a durable, low-maintenance riding experience. The ability to shift while stationary is another major advantage.

Discover our selection of electric bikes with hub gears and experience the benefits yourself – ideal for commuters and available in a variety of sizes and colors.