Hub gears: Everything you need to know

One of the most important components of an electric bicycle is the gearing system. Nowadays, most electric bicycles use an internal hub gear, developed as a more efficient and reliable alternative to derailleur systems.

However, as with most e-bike components, manufacturers also develop hub gears in different ways. This can make it difficult to determine which gearing system best meets your needs. Understanding the differences between the two gearing systems can help you make an informed decision.

In this article, you will learn everything about hub gears: what they are, how they work, and their advantages and disadvantages. We will also help you choose the right hub gear for your electric bicycle.

What Are Hub Gears?

A hub gear is a shifting system designed for both conventional bicycles and electric bicycles. It is a central unit installed in the rear wheel and contains a series of planetary gears.

Bicycles with hub gears allow you to switch between two and 14 gears. Some hub gears offer even more gears, but they are more expensive. In addition, the weatherproof unit protects the internal components from external influences.

How Do Hub Gears Work?

Different e-bike manufacturers develop their hub gears in different ways. However, most are based on a planetary gear system. In this system, several gears rotate inside around a central sun gear.

When shifting, the positions of the planetary gears change. Different arrangements in the planetary gear system produce different gear ratios. All of this happens without an external shifting system such as a derailleur.

Hub Gears vs. Derailleur Systems

Hub gears and derailleur systems differ in many ways. The two main differences lie in how they work and the benefits they offer.

A derailleur system consists of a chain stretched between two wheels, several sprockets, and a mechanism that moves the chain from one sprocket to another. Smaller sprockets make it easier to ride uphill, while larger sprockets provide higher speeds when riding downhill.

Hub gears, on the other hand, are almost entirely housed in a closed unit, except for the connected chain or drive belt. This design protects the internal components from damage.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Hub Gears

Advantages

• Most hub gear components are housed in a weatherproof unit. This protects the internal components from dirt, dust, and moisture, increasing their service life and reducing maintenance requirements.
• Hub gears require fewer oil changes than derailleur systems and generally only need professional servicing once a year.
• Another advantage is that the gearing system is always engaged. This means you can shift while stationary, which is not possible with a derailleur system. This is especially useful for accelerating more quickly from a standstill.

Disadvantages

• The main drawbacks of hub gears are their weight and price. An average hub gear weighs around 1 to 1.5 kg, although more complex systems can weigh over 2 kg.
• Hub gears are also more expensive to manufacture and maintain than derailleur systems. Nevertheless, brands such as Shimano are working to offer high-quality yet affordable hub gears.

Types of Hub Gears

Here are the most common types of hub gears for electric bicycles:

1. 3-speed hub gears: Commonly found on entry-level e-bikes, ideal for flat, urban, or suburban areas.
2. 4-speed hub gears: Suitable for light terrain and steeper climbs.
3. 5-speed hub gears: Perfect for more demanding trails and hilly terrain.
4. 7-speed hub gears: Offer a wider gear range for more versatile use.
5. Enviolo Continuously Variable Hubs: An innovative technology that enables seamless shifting, even while stationary.

Hub Gears and E-Bikes: The Perfect Combination

The combination of hub gears and an electric bicycle is an ideal solution. You can shift while stationary, produce less noise, and save on maintenance costs. At the same time, an e-bike's pedal assistance enables longer rides with less effort.

Choosing the Right Hub Gear

Consider your individual needs:

• For flat, urban terrain, a 3- or 4-speed hub gear is sufficient.
• For hilly and rough terrain, 5- or 7-speed hub gears are better suited.

Care and Maintenance

Here is how to keep your hub gear in optimal condition:

• Follow the manufacturer's recommended maintenance intervals.
• Change the oil at least once a year.
• Keep the external chain or drive belt clean and lubricated.

Conclusion

A hub gear is a versatile and practical shifting system. The weatherproof unit protects the components and enables a long-lasting, low-maintenance riding experience. The ability to shift while stationary is another major advantage.

Explore our selection of electric bicycles with hub gears and experience the benefits for yourself – ideal for commuters and available in a variety of sizes and colors.